diff --git a/cache/cache.go b/cache/cache.go
index 529085d..bdc76bc 100644
--- a/cache/cache.go
+++ b/cache/cache.go
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"time"
 
+	"git.numtide.com/numtide/treefmt/stats"
+
 	"git.numtide.com/numtide/treefmt/format"
 	"git.numtide.com/numtide/treefmt/walk"
 
@@ -33,9 +35,10 @@ type Entry struct {
 }
 
 var (
-	db            *bolt.DB
+	db     *bolt.DB
+	logger *log.Logger
+
 	ReadBatchSize = 1024 * runtime.NumCPU()
-	logger        *log.Logger
 )
 
 // Open creates an instance of bolt.DB for a given treeRoot path.
@@ -234,11 +237,14 @@ func ChangeSet(ctx context.Context, walker walk.Walker, pathsCh chan<- string) e
 
 		changedOrNew := cached == nil || !(cached.Modified == info.ModTime() && cached.Size == info.Size())
 
+		stats.Add(stats.Traversed, 1)
 		if !changedOrNew {
 			// no change
 			return nil
 		}
 
+		stats.Add(stats.Emitted, 1)
+
 		// pass on the path
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
@@ -293,6 +299,8 @@ func Update(treeRoot string, paths []string) (int, error) {
 				continue
 			}
 
+			stats.Add(stats.Formatted, 1)
+
 			entry := Entry{
 				Size:     pathInfo.Size(),
 				Modified: pathInfo.ModTime(),
diff --git a/cli/format.go b/cli/format.go
index 6f0b356..7e2e771 100644
--- a/cli/format.go
+++ b/cli/format.go
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
-	"time"
 
 	"git.numtide.com/numtide/treefmt/format"
+	"git.numtide.com/numtide/treefmt/stats"
 	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
 
 	"git.numtide.com/numtide/treefmt/cache"
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ const (
 )
 
 var (
-	start          time.Time
 	globalExcludes []glob.Glob
 	formatters     map[string]*format.Formatter
 	pipelines      map[string]*format.Pipeline
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 func (f *Format) Run() (err error) {
-	start = time.Now()
+	stats.Init()
 
 	Cli.Configure()
 
@@ -196,6 +195,8 @@ func walkFilesystem(ctx context.Context) func() error {
 				default:
 					// ignore symlinks and directories
 					if !(info.IsDir() || info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == os.ModeSymlink) {
+						stats.Add(stats.Traversed, 1)
+						stats.Add(stats.Emitted, 1)
 						pathsCh <- path
 					}
 					return nil
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ func updateCache(ctx context.Context) func() error {
 			return ErrFailOnChange
 		}
 
-		fmt.Printf("%v files changed in %v\n", changes, time.Now().Sub(start))
+		stats.Print()
 		return nil
 	}
 }
@@ -322,12 +323,17 @@ func applyFormatters(ctx context.Context) func() error {
 		}()
 
 		for path := range pathsCh {
+			var matched bool
 			for key, pipeline := range pipelines {
 				if !pipeline.Wants(path) {
 					continue
 				}
+				matched = true
 				tryApply(key, path)
 			}
+			if matched {
+				stats.Add(stats.Matched, 1)
+			}
 		}
 
 		// flush any partial batches which remain
diff --git a/cli/format_test.go b/cli/format_test.go
index df02288..1918145 100644
--- a/cli/format_test.go
+++ b/cli/format_test.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package cli
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path"
@@ -68,19 +67,19 @@ func TestSpecifyingFormatters(t *testing.T) {
 
 	out, err := cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "3 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 3)
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir, "--formatters", "elm,nix")
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "2 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 2)
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir, "--formatters", "ruby,nix")
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "2 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 2)
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir, "--formatters", "nix")
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "1 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 1)
 
 	// test bad names
 
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ func TestIncludesAndExcludes(t *testing.T) {
 	test.WriteConfig(t, configPath, cfg)
 	out, err := cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 31))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 31)
 
 	// globally exclude nix files
 	cfg.Global.Excludes = []string{"*.nix"}
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ func TestIncludesAndExcludes(t *testing.T) {
 	test.WriteConfig(t, configPath, cfg)
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 30))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 30)
 
 	// add haskell files to the global exclude
 	cfg.Global.Excludes = []string{"*.nix", "*.hs"}
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ func TestIncludesAndExcludes(t *testing.T) {
 	test.WriteConfig(t, configPath, cfg)
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 24))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 24)
 
 	echo := cfg.Formatters["echo"]
 
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ func TestIncludesAndExcludes(t *testing.T) {
 	test.WriteConfig(t, configPath, cfg)
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 22))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 22)
 
 	// remove go files from the echo formatter
 	echo.Excludes = []string{"*.py", "*.go"}
@@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ func TestIncludesAndExcludes(t *testing.T) {
 	test.WriteConfig(t, configPath, cfg)
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 21))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 21)
 
 	// adjust the includes for echo to only include elm files
 	echo.Includes = []string{"*.elm"}
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ func TestIncludesAndExcludes(t *testing.T) {
 	test.WriteConfig(t, configPath, cfg)
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 1))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 1)
 
 	// add js files to echo formatter
 	echo.Includes = []string{"*.elm", "*.js"}
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ func TestIncludesAndExcludes(t *testing.T) {
 	test.WriteConfig(t, configPath, cfg)
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 2))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 2)
 }
 
 func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
@@ -182,34 +181,34 @@ func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
 	test.WriteConfig(t, configPath, cfg)
 	out, err := cmd(t, "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 31))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 31)
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "0 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 0)
 
 	// clear cache
 	out, err = cmd(t, "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir, "-c")
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 31))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 31)
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "0 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 0)
 
 	// clear cache
 	out, err = cmd(t, "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir, "-c")
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 31))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 31)
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "0 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 0)
 
 	// no cache
 	out, err = cmd(t, "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir, "--no-cache")
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 31))
+	assertStats(t, as, out, 31, 31, 31, 0)
 }
 
 func TestChangeWorkingDirectory(t *testing.T) {
@@ -243,7 +242,7 @@ func TestChangeWorkingDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 	// this should fail if the working directory hasn't been changed first
 	out, err := cmd(t, "-C", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 31))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 31)
 }
 
 func TestFailOnChange(t *testing.T) {
@@ -307,31 +306,31 @@ func TestBustCacheOnFormatterChange(t *testing.T) {
 	args := []string{"--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir}
 	out, err := cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 3))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 3)
 
 	// tweak mod time of elm formatter
 	as.NoError(test.RecreateSymlink(t, binPath+"/"+"elm-format"))
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 3))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 3)
 
 	// check cache is working
 	out, err = cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "0 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 0)
 
 	// tweak mod time of python formatter
 	as.NoError(test.RecreateSymlink(t, binPath+"/"+"black"))
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 3))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 3)
 
 	// check cache is working
 	out, err = cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "0 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 0)
 
 	// add go formatter
 	cfg.Formatters["go"] = &config2.Formatter{
@@ -343,12 +342,12 @@ func TestBustCacheOnFormatterChange(t *testing.T) {
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 4))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 4)
 
 	// check cache is working
 	out, err = cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "0 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 0)
 
 	// remove python formatter
 	delete(cfg.Formatters, "python")
@@ -356,12 +355,12 @@ func TestBustCacheOnFormatterChange(t *testing.T) {
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 2))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 2)
 
 	// check cache is working
 	out, err = cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "0 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 0)
 
 	// remove elm formatter
 	delete(cfg.Formatters, "elm")
@@ -369,12 +368,12 @@ func TestBustCacheOnFormatterChange(t *testing.T) {
 
 	out, err = cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 1))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 1)
 
 	// check cache is working
 	out, err = cmd(t, args...)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), "0 files changed")
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 0)
 }
 
 func TestGitWorktree(t *testing.T) {
@@ -408,10 +407,10 @@ func TestGitWorktree(t *testing.T) {
 	wt, err := repo.Worktree()
 	as.NoError(err, "failed to get git worktree")
 
-	run := func(changed int) {
+	run := func(formatted int) {
 		out, err := cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir)
 		as.NoError(err)
-		as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", changed))
+		assertFormatted(t, as, out, formatted)
 	}
 
 	// run before adding anything to the worktree
@@ -429,7 +428,7 @@ func TestGitWorktree(t *testing.T) {
 	// walk with filesystem instead of git
 	out, err := cmd(t, "-c", "--config-file", configPath, "--tree-root", tempDir, "--walk", "filesystem")
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 59))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 59)
 }
 
 func TestPathsArg(t *testing.T) {
@@ -464,12 +463,12 @@ func TestPathsArg(t *testing.T) {
 	// without any path args
 	out, err := cmd(t, "-C", tempDir)
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 31))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 31)
 
 	// specify some explicit paths
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-C", tempDir, "-c", "elm/elm.json", "haskell/Nested/Foo.hs")
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 2))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 2)
 
 	// specify a bad path
 	out, err = cmd(t, "-C", tempDir, "-c", "elm/elm.json", "haskell/Nested/Bar.hs")
@@ -529,7 +528,7 @@ go/main.go
 
 	out, err := cmd(t, "-C", tempDir, "--stdin")
 	as.NoError(err)
-	as.Contains(string(out), fmt.Sprintf("%d files changed", 3))
+	assertFormatted(t, as, out, 3)
 }
 
 func TestDeterministicOrderingInPipeline(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/cli/helpers_test.go b/cli/helpers_test.go
index 920c757..5abeefc 100644
--- a/cli/helpers_test.go
+++ b/cli/helpers_test.go
@@ -69,3 +69,16 @@ func cmd(t *testing.T, args ...string) ([]byte, error) {
 
 	return out, nil
 }
+
+func assertStats(t *testing.T, as *require.Assertions, output []byte, traversed int32, emitted int32, matched int32, formatted int32) {
+	t.Helper()
+	as.Contains(string(output), fmt.Sprintf("traversed %d files", traversed))
+	as.Contains(string(output), fmt.Sprintf("emitted %d files", emitted))
+	as.Contains(string(output), fmt.Sprintf("matched %d files", matched))
+	as.Contains(string(output), fmt.Sprintf("formatted %d files", formatted))
+}
+
+func assertFormatted(t *testing.T, as *require.Assertions, output []byte, count int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	as.Contains(string(output), fmt.Sprintf("formatted %d files", count))
+}
diff --git a/flake.lock b/flake.lock
index 8451813..19e8ea0 100644
--- a/flake.lock
+++ b/flake.lock
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1705332421,
-        "narHash": "sha256-USpGLPme1IuqG78JNqSaRabilwkCyHmVWY0M9vYyqEA=",
+        "lastModified": 1713532798,
+        "narHash": "sha256-wtBhsdMJA3Wa32Wtm1eeo84GejtI43pMrFrmwLXrsEc=",
         "owner": "numtide",
         "repo": "devshell",
-        "rev": "83cb93d6d063ad290beee669f4badf9914cc16ec",
+        "rev": "12e914740a25ea1891ec619bb53cf5e6ca922e40",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@
         "nixpkgs-lib": "nixpkgs-lib"
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1706830856,
-        "narHash": "sha256-a0NYyp+h9hlb7ddVz4LUn1vT/PLwqfrWYcHMvFB1xYg=",
+        "lastModified": 1712014858,
+        "narHash": "sha256-sB4SWl2lX95bExY2gMFG5HIzvva5AVMJd4Igm+GpZNw=",
         "owner": "hercules-ci",
         "repo": "flake-parts",
-        "rev": "b253292d9c0a5ead9bc98c4e9a26c6312e27d69f",
+        "rev": "9126214d0a59633752a136528f5f3b9aa8565b7d",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@
     },
     "flake-root": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1692742795,
-        "narHash": "sha256-f+Y0YhVCIJ06LemO+3Xx00lIcqQxSKJHXT/yk1RTKxw=",
+        "lastModified": 1713493429,
+        "narHash": "sha256-ztz8JQkI08tjKnsTpfLqzWoKFQF4JGu2LRz8bkdnYUk=",
         "owner": "srid",
         "repo": "flake-root",
-        "rev": "d9a70d9c7a5fd7f3258ccf48da9335e9b47c3937",
+        "rev": "bc748b93b86ee76e2032eecda33440ceb2532fcd",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -98,11 +98,11 @@
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1705314449,
-        "narHash": "sha256-yfQQ67dLejP0FLK76LKHbkzcQqNIrux6MFe32MMFGNQ=",
+        "lastModified": 1710154385,
+        "narHash": "sha256-4c3zQ2YY4BZOufaBJB4v9VBBeN2dH7iVdoJw8SDNCfI=",
         "owner": "nix-community",
         "repo": "gomod2nix",
-        "rev": "30e3c3a9ec4ac8453282ca7f67fca9e1da12c3e6",
+        "rev": "872b63ddd28f318489c929d25f1f0a3c6039c971",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -113,11 +113,11 @@
     },
     "nix-filter": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1705332318,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kcw1yFeJe9N4PjQji9ZeX47jg0p9A0DuU4djKvg1a7I=",
+        "lastModified": 1710156097,
+        "narHash": "sha256-1Wvk8UP7PXdf8bCCaEoMnOT1qe5/Duqgj+rL8sRQsSM=",
         "owner": "numtide",
         "repo": "nix-filter",
-        "rev": "3449dc925982ad46246cfc36469baf66e1b64f17",
+        "rev": "3342559a24e85fc164b295c3444e8a139924675b",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -128,11 +128,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1707689078,
-        "narHash": "sha256-UUGmRa84ZJHpGZ1WZEBEUOzaPOWG8LZ0yPg1pdDF/yM=",
+        "lastModified": 1714253743,
+        "narHash": "sha256-mdTQw2XlariysyScCv2tTE45QSU9v/ezLcHJ22f0Nxc=",
         "owner": "nixos",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "f9d39fb9aff0efee4a3d5f4a6d7c17701d38a1d8",
+        "rev": "58a1abdbae3217ca6b702f03d3b35125d88a2994",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -145,11 +145,11 @@
     "nixpkgs-lib": {
       "locked": {
         "dir": "lib",
-        "lastModified": 1706550542,
-        "narHash": "sha256-UcsnCG6wx++23yeER4Hg18CXWbgNpqNXcHIo5/1Y+hc=",
+        "lastModified": 1711703276,
+        "narHash": "sha256-iMUFArF0WCatKK6RzfUJknjem0H9m4KgorO/p3Dopkk=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "97b17f32362e475016f942bbdfda4a4a72a8a652",
+        "rev": "d8fe5e6c92d0d190646fb9f1056741a229980089",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
diff --git a/stats/stats.go b/stats/stats.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63fdf64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stats/stats.go
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package stats
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type Type int
+
+const (
+	Traversed Type = iota
+	Emitted
+	Matched
+	Formatted
+)
+
+var (
+	counters map[Type]*atomic.Int32
+	start    time.Time
+)
+
+func Init() {
+	// record start time
+	start = time.Now()
+
+	// init counters
+	counters = make(map[Type]*atomic.Int32)
+	counters[Traversed] = &atomic.Int32{}
+	counters[Emitted] = &atomic.Int32{}
+	counters[Matched] = &atomic.Int32{}
+	counters[Formatted] = &atomic.Int32{}
+}
+
+func Add(t Type, delta int32) int32 {
+	return counters[t].Add(delta)
+}
+
+func Value(t Type) int32 {
+	return counters[t].Load()
+}
+
+func Elapsed() time.Duration {
+	return time.Now().Sub(start)
+}
+
+func Print() {
+	components := []string{
+		"traversed %d files",
+		"emitted %d files for processing",
+		"matched %d files to formatters",
+		"formatted %d files in %v",
+		"",
+	}
+
+	fmt.Printf(
+		strings.Join(components, "\n"),
+		Value(Traversed),
+		Value(Emitted),
+		Value(Matched),
+		Value(Formatted),
+		Elapsed(),
+	)
+}